Module 5

Module Overview:

This module provides a critical and interdisciplinary examination of the pervasive issues of misinformation and disinformation within digital ecosystems. It distinguishes between these two phenomena—misinformation as unintentionally inaccurate information and disinformation as deliberately deceptive content—and explores their overlap and societal impacts. A key focus is the role of social media algorithms and echo chambers in amplifying false information, creating polarized environments, and shaping public perceptions.

Students engage with psychological theories to understand why misinformation spreads, including cognitive biases, emotional triggers, and the influence of social validation. The module introduces practical tools and methodologies for fact-checking, equipping students with strategies to identify, analyze, and combat misinformation. These skills are applied in real-world contexts, emphasizing the ethical responsibility of communicators and citizens in addressing digital falsehoods.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, students will:

1. Accurately define and differentiate between misinformation and disinformation within digital contexts.
2. Critically evaluate the impact of algorithms, social media platforms, and echo chambers on the dissemination of false narratives.
3. Apply fact-checking methodologies to real-world examples of misinformation, demonstrating an ability to discern credible sources and validate information.
4. Develop community-specific strategies to mitigate the spread of disinformation, fostering a more informed and media-literate public.

Core Readings

• Shin, D. (2024). Introduction: The Epistemology of Misinformation—How Do We Know What We Know. In Artificial Misinformation. This reading explores the philosophical underpinnings of misinformation and how it intersects with knowledge production in digital spaces.
• Rubin, V.L. (2022). The Problem of Misinformation and Disinformation Online. A comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by false information in online environments, grounded in contemporary case studies and research.
• Statistics Canada (2023). Retail Trade, November 2023. This statistical report is a real-world example used to illustrate how data can be misrepresented or misinterpreted in digital discourse.
• Lim, X. J., et al. (2024). Fact or Fake: Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation via Social Media. This article examines the strategic dissemination of information and disinformation in the context of marketing and consumer behaviour.

Mini-Assignment: Fact-Checking with a Partner
Students will collaborate to analyze a recent viral instance of misinformation, applying fact-checking techniques to debunk or confirm the claim. The assignment emphasizes critical thinking, evidence-based reasoning, and effective communication of corrected information.

This hands-on activity is designed to deepen students’ understanding of misinformation’s lifecycle, from creation to correction, while fostering skills in digital literacy and ethical responsibility.